How does encryption serve information security?

Encryption serves information security by converting information into a coded format, which ensures that only those with the appropriate decryption key can access the original data. This transformation of data into an unreadable format acts as a critical barrier against unauthorized access. When information is encrypted, even if an attacker gains access to the encrypted data, they cannot understand or use it without the key to decrypt it. This mechanism is essential in protecting sensitive information, such as personal data, financial records, and confidential communications, from being intercepted and exploited.

Other options focus on different aspects of data management and security. For example, creating backups of data is about data retention and recovery, which, while important, does not specifically prevent unauthorized access. Deleting unnecessary files relates to data hygiene rather than protecting the integrity and confidentiality of information. Monitoring user activity on a system involves oversight and detection rather than direct protection of the data itself. Each of these plays a role in a comprehensive security strategy, but encryption specifically addresses the need for confidentiality and secure access to information.